Great saphenous vein leiomyosarcoma mimicking thrombosed aneurysm: A case report and review of the literature.

Vascular leiomyosarcoma LMS. is an extremely rare subgroup of LMSs. Fewer than 50 cases of LMS originating from the great saphenous vein have been reported. In 43% of reported cases, LMS was misdiagnosed clinically. In our case, the patient was initially misdiagnosed as having a thrombosed aneurysm. This misdiagnosis could be due to the rarity of great saphenous vein LMS cases, for which a high index of suspicion is needed, and because no specific radiologic findings have been established for diagnosing LMSs. Masses presenting along the course of vessels should be suspected for malignancy, which can be helpful in performing definitive surgery and avoiding multiple surgeries.

Calf arteriovenous malformation presenting as an iliac artery aneurysm: A case report.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are abnormal connections between arteries and veins. Common signs of AVMs include a pulsating mass, pain, ulceration, bleeding, and tissue necrosis. This case report discusses a rare presentation of an iliac artery aneurysm in a patient with an extensive calf AVM. CASE PRESENTATION: A 35-year-old male presented with a pulsatile mass in the abdomen, along with symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency in the lower limb. He had undergone multiple surgeries for varicose veins in the past. Initially, external iliac artery aneurysm was diagnosed. Further assessment revealed the presence of an AVM in the calf. After multiple unsuccessful endovascular interventions, amputation was recommended. However, the patient opted for conservative management. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: AVMs are vascular malformations that are present from birth. Angiography is considered the gold standard for confirming the diagnosis of AVMs. As there is no consensus on the best treatment for AVMs, a multidisciplinary approach is recommended on a case-by-case basis. Delaying treatment can lead to serious complications and increase morbidity and mortality. Treating extensive AVMs that involve the entire extremity can be particularly challenging and often result in poor outcomes. CONCLUSION: The presence of varicose veins at a young age may indicate an underlying AVM. AVM can manifest in various ways, including arterial aneurysms. In severe cases, extensive AVMs may require limb amputation when other treatments fail.